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Manetho's King List

Manetho was an Egyptian priest from Heliopollis. Under the patronage of Ptolemy I, he started to compile an Egyptian history, titled Aegyptika. It was written in Greek and finished c.271 BCE. He attempted to describe Egyptian history from its inception to Alexander the Great. His original work was lost, however, and all we know is from short transcripts and summaries done by Christian historians in later centuries. A few different translations of his work exist:

  • Josephus Flavius, from the first century CE
  • Sextus Julius Africanus, third century CE
  • Eusebius of Cesarea, third/fourth century CE
  • George Syncellos (a Byzantine historian) from the eighth century CE.

Mistakes made in translation and by copiers reduces the value of Manetho's work as historical documentation. Most of the dates simply don't match.

However, Manetho is the basis for most of our chronologies and naming conventions for Egyptian pharaohs. His king list is often referenced by egyptologists, but many of them reject the dating and time periods for the pharaohs as "fanciful" -- there seems to have been some political hay to be made by exaggerating the reigns of some of the kings and minimizing others.

The entire concept of "dynasty" comes from Manetho, who broke apart the kings into reasonably logical groups -- by location or family or other identifying feature.

1st Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Menes

62

30

Athothis

57

27

Kenkenes

31

39

Wenefes

23

42

Usafais

20

20

Miebis

26

26

Semempses

18

18

2nd Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Boethos

68

-

Kaiechos

39

-

Binothris

47

-

Thias

17

-

Sethenes

41

-

Chaires

17

-

Nefercheres

25

-

Sesochris

48

48

Cheneris

30

30

Necherophes

28

28

3rd Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Necherofes

28

-

Tosorthios

29

-

Tyreis

7

-

Mesochris

17

-

Suphis

16

-

Toserfasis

19

-

Aches

42

-

Sephouris

30

48

Kerferes

26

-

4th Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Soris

28

-

Suphis

63

-

Suphis

66

-

Mencheres

63

-

Ratoises

25

-

Bicheris

22

-

Sebercheres

7

-

Tamphtis

9

48

5th Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Usercheres

28 lat

-

Sephres

13 lat

-

Nepherchres

20 lat

-

Sisires

7 lat

-

Cheres

20 lat

-

Rathures

44 lata

-

Mencheres

9 lat

-

Tencheres

44 lata

-

Onnos

33 lata

-

6th Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Othoes

30 lat

-

Phios

53 lata

-

Methusuphis

7 lat

-

Phiops

99 lat

-

Menthesupis

1 rok

-

Nitocris

12 lat

-

12th Dynasty

Pharaoh Flavius/Africanus Eusebius

Amemenes

16 lat

-

Sesonchosis

46 lat

-

Ammanemes

38 lat

-

Sesostris

48 lat

-

Lachares

8 lat

-

Ameres

8 lat

-

Ammenemes

8 lat

-

Skemiophris

4 lata

-

18th Dynasty

Flavius

Africanus

Busebius

Tethmosis 25/4

Amos

Amoses 25

Chebron 13

Chebros 13

Chebron 13

Amenophis 20/7

Amenophthis 24

Amophis 21

Amessis 21/9

Amensis 22

-

Mephres 12/9

Misaphres 13

Memphres 12

Mephramuthosis 25/10

Misphragnuthosis 26

Misphamuthosis 26

Thmosis 9/8

Tuthmosis 9

Tuthmosis 9

Amenophis 30/10

Amenophis 31

Amenopthis 31

Orus 36/5

Orus 37

Orus 28

Acencheres 12/1

Acherres 32

Achencheres 16

Rathotis 9

Rathos 6

-

Acencheres I 12/5

Chebris 12

Acherres 8

Acencheres II 12/3

Acherres 12

Cherres 15

Harmais 4/1

Amesis 5

Amais 5

Ramesses ¼

Ramesses 1

-

Harmesses Miamen 66/2

-

Ramesses (Aegyptus) 68

Amenopthis 19/6

Amenophath 19

Amenophis 40

Sethos 59

Sethos 51

Sethos 55

Rampses 66

Rapsaces 61

Rampses 66

 

 

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